🧩 Grammar basics
Grammar notes
Short rules with examples you can hear
1Word order: the verb comes last
Korean word order is Subject + Object + Verb. “I apple eat” — the verb always comes at the end.
2은/는 and 이/가 — who we're talking about
These little endings mark the topic or subject. After a final consonant use 은 / 이; after a vowel use 는 / 가.
3이에요 / 예요 — “it is”
Add 이에요 after a final consonant and 예요 after a vowel to say “it is …” politely.
4을 / 를 — the thing you act on
Put 을 (after a consonant) or 를 (after a vowel) after the object of the verb.
5Polite and casual speech
Add -요 to be polite with adults. With close friends, drop the -요.
6있어요 / 없어요 — have, there is
있어요 means “there is / I have” and 없어요 means “there isn't / I don't have”.